An interesting challenge to the Requirement of Total Evidence is posed by philosopher Peter Epstein in his 2016 paper  The Fine-tuning Argument and the Requirement of Total Evidence . He gives a simple scenario that, he argues, disproves it. First, what is this Require… Read more

Should you use the mere fact of your own existence as a significant piece of information in your reasoning? Or is it, in and of itself, without any actual specifics, completely vacuous or even incoherent? To explain what I mean, here's a concrete example.  Abiogene… Read more

Chaos is all around us. Except chaos in physics doesn't have the colloquial meaning of complete disorder. Instead, it means the system's behavior is extremely sensitive to even the tiniest disturbances, also known as the butterfly effect . Here is a simulation … Read more

Warning: this particular article is going to be quite a bit more incomprehensible than my other articles. It is part of a discussion Alex Popescu, I, and a poster that goes by Disagreeable Me have been having on some tricky aspects of probabilistic inferences, particul… Read more

Is fine-tuning evidence of the multiverse? I argue that no, but paradoxically the inference to the multiverse may still be valid. All of the background is in my main multiverse article , but this one is still pretty self-contained. You actually don't even need to k… Read more

Have you ever wondered: what if everything I see around me is just an illusion, a dream? This might sound like a silly possibility that only a child or a philosopher would seriously entertain, but I want to show you it's far more serious than that. In fact, in some… Read more

Some people say that the United States is the only country that has freedom of speech. An example of such people would be the popular conservative personality Steven Crowder. His argument (which you can hear in the video below) is based on the fact that other countries… Read more